Chapter 3 determination of facilities requirements for container terminals by a hybrid approach consisting of computer simulation, analytical and empirical solutions authors. However, container terminal pavements are required to deal with the following unique matters. With innovations ranging from the advent of superpave, the data generated by the long term pavement performance ltpp project, to the recent release of the mechanisticempirical pavement design guide developed under nchrp study 7a, the field of pavement engineering is experiencing significant development. Typical structural designs of the various pavement types are compared on a total cost basis, inclusive of maintenance costs, for the full range of container design. Simply arrange pieces like sectional track, or customize to fit using the molded. Airport and intermodal container terminal pavement. For example a full port pavement design might comprise the following elements. Port nd trmin pavmnts more information available at. To use the tables, appropriate traffic and subgrade classes must be selected as follows.
This study focuses on the sensitivity analysis of various design parameters for heavyduty pavement for container terminal areas using airport pavement structural design system apsds to yield an. British ports federation1988 the structural design of heavy duty pavements for ports and other industries, british ports federation, london. Iso standard 1161 specifies different shapes for top and bottom and mirror images for right and left. Interlocking concrete block pavements at howland hook marine. Sensitivity analysis of heavy pavement design for a container.
More important than costs, the operator is used to it. Concrete pavers offer a superior wearing surface compared to other pavements. Design and maintenance of container terminal pavements. Three pavement designs are presented in this guide. Interlocking concrete block pavements at howland hook. A comprehensive, stateoftheart resource on pavement design and materials. These faqs are categorized into subject areas listed in the contents dropdown box below. The value of the design wheel load depends upon the range of container. Sensitivity analysis of heavy pavement design for a container terminal area, case study.
Over the past twenty years there has been considerable improvement and new information in the design of port and berth structures. A multiperiod assignment problem that seeks to allocate vessels to berthing spaces and quay cranes is proposed to handle the quayside operations. Each of these categories may influence failure in one of the other three so a complete port pavement design must address all of the issues which might on a particular project lead to one or more of these categories of failure. Wheel loads of container handling equipment can be an order of magnitude greater than those commonly encountered on highways.
As a general guide, factors elaborated in section 3. This method will continue to be expensive and timeconsuming however, until considerable testing has been carried out on the types of materials normally used. The asce port and intermodal yard pavement design guide. A container sea terminal provides an interface between the maritime and inland systems of circulation. Port and industrial pavement design with concrete pavers icpi.
Add a new level of realism to your ho container and piggyback terminals with this walthers cornerstone intermodal yard pavement. The aashto guide for design of pavement structures aashto, 1993 is the primary document used to design new and rehabilitated highway pavements. Evolution of a container terminal wharf design at the port of long beach middle harbor terminal ports 2016. Apm terminals elizabeth yard container facility at port. The particular differences between road and aircraft container pavements will be highlighted. Optimum pavement design for colombo south container terminal project. The pavement design was for a 20year service life of the current grounded container yard that uses chassis highway and offroad to move container between the yard and the ship, and top picks and lift trucks at the 4high container stacks. Pdf design of portand industrial pavements researchgate. The heavy duty industrial pavement design guide has been developed for users of the hipave software. The wide spread adoption of this book by so many colleges as an undergraduate or graduate text has encouraged the author to write this second edition.
Design and construction for the terminal manager session vi aapa marine terminal management training program long beach, california october 18, 2011 thomas ward, pese chief engineer ports america. The background to the design methods will be presented along with a discussion of examples. The design process involves both conceptual design and detailed design. At buildout, this new terminal will emcompass approximately 90 acres of container and general cargo storage facilities fronted with a 2,400foot dock. Pdf pavement analysis and design by yang h huang book free.
Port planning and development june 2016 simulation study of container terminal performance. Both the operator and port commerce department rejected unbound pavements in the container yard. This fact makes the job of the pavement design consultant a. They are the most substantial intermodal terminals in terms of traffic, space consumption and capital requirements. The infrastructure for an automated terminal is fixed for its economic life an automated container terminal will be designed to perform under high utilization it is critical to predict performance and operating cost for the life of the infrastructure an early preparation of wellintegrated, longterm. There are three major types of intermodal terminals, each having their own locational and equipment requirements. Pavement construction costs form a large part of any new facility and the major cost in maintenance and rehabilitation of existing facilities. Download pavement analysis and design by yang h huang the first edition of pavement analysis and design was published in 1993. Existing pavements at heathrow and gatwick airports were showing distress, and a need was felt to determine the causes. The calibration method adopted is the uk highway pavement design method modified for inter locking concrete pavers, bs 7 533 which is based upon the original aashto research. Fireboat dock construction at care terminal design september 2019 report 2 of 6.
Lan prepared the master plan and designed phase 1 and portions of phase 2 for port freeports velasco terminal. Approximately 80% of all states use the aashto pavement design procedures, with the majority using the 1993 version. Maritime administration, appraises issues pertinent to the productivity of these marine terminals, addressing such topics as the state of the art of technology and engineering design in general cargo terminals. Container port design process is a set of correlated practices considered during container port design, aiming to transfer general business mission into detailed design documents for future construction and operation the design process involves both conceptual design and detailed design. With innovations ranging from the advent of superpave, the data generated by the long term pavement performance ltpp project, to the recent release of the mechanisticempirical pavement design guide developed under nchrp study 7a, the field of pavement engineering is experiencing significant. Ac pavement could be designed to support the wheel loads, but the problems at corner casting indentations would remain fig 6, 8. However, the standard kit ships with two modular pavement bases giving your starting project an overall size of about by 18 inches. Heavy duty industrial pavement design guide pavement science. Integrating the pavement structural and mixture designs is essential to provide a long. Hipave port of brisbane case study pavement science. The facility will be constructed in phases with an advanced truck gate and. A container user should be aware of the most important structural differences between containers, so that heshe is in a position to make appropriate preparations. There are presently few recognized technical guidelines available for structural design and evaluation of portand industrial pavements. The third edition of the british ports association heavy duty pavement design.
Rdgn042 pavement design for carriageway construction page 7 of 42 pavement type for different sections andor different lanes on the same road. Hipave heavy industrial pavement design is for the mechanistic analysis and design of flexible pavements subjected to the extremely heavy wheel loads associated with freight handling vehicles in industrial facilities, particularly intermodal container terminals. Sensitivity analysis of heavy pavement design for a. Since incorporation in 2000, clients have turned to tigerbrain to solve the difficult challenges including austere, active conflict and expeditionary locations. Asphalt pavement thickness and mix design asphalt institute. Construction container yard 3 reconstruction at bayport container terminal construction services for approximately 25 acres of concrete pavement for storage of containers as well as traffic lanes to maintain circulation into and around storage areas. Planning, design, and realization of automated terminals. A study of the performance of concrete block pavements in.
This study focused on the analysis, design, and verification of a port pavement to be laid in an italian terminal area trafficked by reach stackers used to move containers. New container terminal projects for 2007 port of houston 50 acres norfolksouthern railroad intermodal terminal columbus, oh 90,000 cu. The asce ports and harbors committee has embarked upon the development of a pavement design guide tailored for the intensive loading conditions encountered in container terminals and intermodal yards. With a few addon pavement bases you can literally create an operating terminal of any length and configuration. Asphalt pavement thickness and mix design while there are an infinite number of questions that can be asked, we compiled a list of those questions that have been directed to us the most. The unique apsds methodology rigorously incorporates lateral vehicle wander and stateoftheart pavement material properties and performance models. Technical and economic criteria to select pavement surfaces. Pavement design and construction for airfields and. A comprehensive, stateoftheart guide to pavement design and materials. Historical background definition of the problem container terminals require special types of pavement to resist the heavy and continuous loads of container handling equipment including straddle carriers, reach stackers, top picks. Unlike most north american container terminals, where asphaltic concrete either pavement acp or continuous jointed portland cement concrete jpcc pavement are the preferred choices, the pavement at balboa system a discreteis system, comprised of a series of long, narrow reinforced concrete rc strip footings ing serv. The interlocking concrete pavement institute icpi, founded in 1993, is the north american trade association representing the segmental concrete paving industry. Doc optimum pavement design for colombo south container. Guidelines for the design and construction of port.
Leigh wardle of mincad systems, ian rickards pioneer road services pty ltd, melbourne, australia, john lancaster vicroads, australia and dr. The airport pavement structural design system apsds is the leading edge pavement design package for airports and heavy industrial pavements such as intermodal container terminal pavements. The modular nature of the paver surface enables pavement repairs without damage. Tba has a long track record of 10 years design and analysis of container terminal operators. The asce port and intermodal yard pavement design guide ports.
Services focus on investigations, evaluations, airfield container terminal pavement and civil design, construction inspection, expert testimony, criteria and new technology implementation. A quick and easy detail for a new or existing scene, the kit includes a variety of trackside lanes, crane ways and 60 grade crossing sections to handle heavy cranes and other equipment. The middle harbor terminal pavement design effort focused upon the development of the most accurate design input relationships needed for the design methodology. Types of intermodal terminals the geography of transport. Hipave referenced in pianc guide design and maintenance of container terminal pavements. The section on container handling equipment and terminal operations will discuss the various types of equipment and their mode of operation, including the development of the design wheel load and determination of.
The design charts allow designs to be developed for pavements including a base comprising 1,400 psi 10 mpa 7day strength ctb with an assumed flexural. Design and maintenance of container terminal pavements terms of reference 1. Other pavement types were considered and rejected during the preliminary pavement design. Traffic demand evaluation for design of truck lanes, passing lanes and roadways can be as sophisticated as desired. The discrete pavement system at balboa involves the use of concrete strip footings for container stacking and rtg transiting, and jpcc paving for yard tractor traffic. Allan bowman and associates pty ltd was commissioned by kinhill cameron mcnamara pty ltd in february 1996 to undertake pavement design for a proposed new industrial hardstand at a port of brisbane container terminal in queensland.
The firm specializes in airfield container terminal pavement and civil engineering. Hipave, british port association bpa edition 4 2007, french lcpc method using alize software and the sector standard of the peoples republic. This handbook reflects the lastest progress and developments in navigation safety, port planning and site selection, layout of container, oil and gas terminals, cargo handling, berth design and construction, fender and mooring principles. Built in the early 2000s, this pavement receives loads from container handling equipment with as much as 50,000 lb 23,000 kg wheel loads. Container handling vehicles can have tyre loads comparable to those resulting from very large aircraft. Working with the largest operators wordwide, the tba team is familiar with stateoftheart technology, the various software systems available on the market, and best practices for terminal operations. Design procedure tables 3 through 6 can be used directly to select design thicknesses for a number of design input factors. Conceptual design and planning studies have evaluated the installation of rmg cranes at numerous intermodal rail yards throughout the united states, andrmg i nstallations have been completed and are operational in washington and tennessee. The guide is a collaborative effort currently involving dr. This presentation will cover a range of pavement types concrete, asphalt and interlocking concrete blocks. Jan 09, 2008 a comprehensive, stateoftheart guide to pavement design and materials. The high density of cy worsens not only the productivity of a container terminal, but also increases sharply its logistics costs by forcing some cargoes. These include container handling equipment and operations, flexible pavement design, rigid pavement design and subgrade improvement.
Heavy duty pavement design container terminals hipave. This book explains the port operations and proposes approaches that aim to improve the most important successive steps in container terminal management activities. Rcc applications for pavements pages 1 50 text version. Planning and design of ports and marine terminals, 1 jan 2004 28. This paper summarises the pavement structures, design life, container handling equipment used and visual observations of the performance for each project investigated. With innovations ranging from the advent of superpave, the data generated by the longterm pavement performance ltpp project, to the recent release of the mechanisticempirical pavement design guide developed under nchrp study 7a, the field of pavement engineering is experiencing significant development.
The eight corner castings of a container or a corresponding ctu have to be particularly strong, since they work with the corner posts and the other basic components of the container frame to absorb the forces which lock units or lashings exert on containers when they are stacked on top of one. Elements of container terminal planning and design. Port and airport design manuals interlocking concrete. The structural design of heavy duty pavements john knapton.
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